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    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>本文主要是STM32开发——外部SRAM的一些相关笔记，若笔记中有错误或者不合适的地方，欢迎批评指正😃。</p>
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看使用工具及版本 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu16.04的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 16 Pro</td>        <td align="left">16.2.3 build-19376536</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">SecureCRT</td>        <td align="left">Version 8.7.2 (x64 build 2214)   -   正式版-2020年5月14日</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子 i.MX6ULL Linux阿尔法开发板</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">uboot</td>        <td align="left">NXP官方提供的uboot，NXP提供的版本为uboot-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga(使用的uboot版本为U-Boot 2016.03)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">linux内核</td>        <td align="left">linux-4.15(NXP官方提供)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">STM32开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子战舰V3(STM32F103ZET6)</td>      </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <ul><li>通用</li></ul><table><tr><td align="center">分类  </td><td align="center">网址</td><td align="center">说明</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="4">官方网站</td><td align="left"><a href="https://www.arm.com/" target="_blank">https://www.arm.com/</a></td><td align="left">ARM官方网站，在这里我们可以找到Cotex-Mx以及ARMVx的一些文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/content/st_com/zh.html" target="_blank">https://www.st.com/content/st_com/zh.html</a></td><td align="left">ST官方网站，在这里我们可以找到STM32的相关文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.stmcu.com.cn/</a></td><td align="left">意法半导体ST中文官方网站，在这里我们可以找到STM32的相关中文参考文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html" target="_blank">http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html</a></td><td align="left">FatFs文件系统官网</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3">教程书籍</td><td align="left"><a href="STM32开发相关资料/01ARM参考资料/ARM Cortex-M3权威指南(中文).pdf" target="_blank">《ARM Cortex-M3权威指南》</a></td><td alirn="left" rowspan="3">ARM公司专家Joseph Yiu（姚文祥）的力作，中文翻译是NXP的宋岩</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="STM32开发相关资料/01ARM参考资料/ARM Cortex-M0权威指南(中文).pdf" target="_blank">《ARM Cortex-M0权威指南》</a></td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="" target="_blank">《ARM Cortex-M3与Cortex-M4权威指南》</a></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="4">开发论坛</td><td align="left"><a href="http://47.111.11.73/forum.php" target="_blank">http://47.111.11.73/forum.php</a></td><td align="left">开源电子网，正点原子的资料下载及问题讨论论坛</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.firebbs.cn/forum.php" target="_blank">https://www.firebbs.cn/forum.php</a></td><td align="left">国内Kinetis开发板-野火/秉火（刘火良）主持的论坛，现也做STM32和i.MX RT</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.amobbs.com/index.php" target="_blank">https://www.amobbs.com/index.php</a></td><td align="left">阿莫（莫进明）主持的论坛，号称国内最早最火的电子论坛，以交流Atmel AVR系列单片机起家，现已拓展到嵌入式全平台，其STM32系列帖子有70W+。</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="http://download.100ask.net/index.html" target="_blank">http://download.100ask.net/index.html</a></td><td align="left">韦东山嵌入式资料中心，有些STM32和linux的相关资料也可以来这里找。</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3">博客参考</td><td align="left"><a href="http://www.openedv.com/" target="_blank">http://www.openedv.com/</a></td><td align="left">开源网-原子哥个人博客</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="http://blog.chinaaet.com/jihceng0622" target="_blank">http://blog.chinaaet.com/jihceng0622</a></td><td align="left">博主是原Freescale现NXP的现场应用工程师</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://community.arm.com/arm-community-blogs/b/architectures-and-processors-blog/posts/cortex-m-resources" target="_blank">cortex-m-resources</a></td><td align="left">这其实并不算是一个博客，这是ARM公司专家Joseph Yiu收集整理的所有对开发者有用的官方Cortex-M资料链接（也包含极少数外部资源链接）</td></tr></table><ul><li>STM32</li></ul><table>    <tr><td align="center" rowspan="2">STM32</td><td align="left"><a href="https://doc.embedfire.com/mcu/stm32/f103/hal_general/zh/latest/index.html" target="_blank">STM32 HAL库开发实战指南——基于F103系列开发板</a></td><td align="left">野火STM32开发教程在线文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://doc.embedfire.com/mcu/stm32/f103badao/std/zh/latest/index.html" target="_blank">STM32库开发实战指南——基于野火霸道开发板</a></td><td align="left">野火STM32开发教程在线文档</td></tr></table><ul><li>SD卡</li></ul><table>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.sdcard.org/" target="_blank">SD Association</a></td><td align="left">提供了SD存储卡和SDIO卡系统规范</td></tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看相关文件下载 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/stm32f103ze.pdf" target="_blank">STM32F103xx英文数据手册</a></td><td align="left">STM32F103xC/D/E系列的英文数据手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/Designresource/detail/localization_document%20/709978" target="_blank">STM32F103xx中文数据手册</a></td><td align="left">STM32F103xC/D/E系列的中文数据手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/resource/en/reference_manual/rm0008-stm32f101xx-stm32f102xx-stm32f103xx-stm32f105xx-and-stm32f107xx-advanced-armbased-32bit-mcus-stmicroelectronics.pdf" target="_blank">STM32F10xxx英文参考手册（RM0008）</a></td><td align="left">STM32F10xxx系列的英文参考手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/Designresource/detail/localization_document%20/710001" target="_blank">STM32F10xxx中文参考手册（RM0008）</a></td><td align="left">STM32F10xxx系列的中文参考手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://developer.arm.com/documentation/100165/0201/?lang=en" target="_blank">Arm Cortex-M3 处理器技术参考手册-英文版</a></td><td align="left">Cortex-M3技术参考手册-英文版</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/resource/en/programming_manual/pm0056-stm32f10xxx20xxx21xxxl1xxxx-cortexm3-programming-manual-stmicroelectronics.pdf" target="_blank">STM32F10xxx Cortex-M3编程手册-英文版(PM0056)</a></td><td align="left">STM32F10xxx/20xxx/21xxx/L1xxxx系列Cortex-M3编程手册-英文版</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/pls/" target="_blank">SD卡相关资料——最新版本</a></td><td align="left">有关SD卡的一些资料可以从这里下载</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/pls/archives/" target="_blank">SD卡相关资料——历史版本</a></td><td align="left">有关SD卡的一些历史版本资料可以从这里下载，比如后边看的SD卡2.0协议</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="./" target="_blank">SD 2.0 协议标准完整版</a></td><td align="left">这是一篇关于SD卡2.0协议的中文文档，还是比较有参考价值的，可以一看</td></tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<p>STM32F103ZET6 自带了 64K 字节的 SRAM，对一般应用来说，已经足够了，不过在一些对内存要求高的场合， STM32F1 自带的这些内存就不够用了。比如跑算法或者跑 GUI 等，就可能不太够用，所以战舰 STM32F103 板载了一颗 1M 字节容量的 SRAM 芯片： IS62WV51216，满足大内存使用的需求。 注意：笔记中有一些 # 表示低电平有效，知识横线不好打，就用#代替了。</p>
<h1 id="一、为什么要扩展SRAM？"><a href="#一、为什么要扩展SRAM？" class="headerlink" title="一、为什么要扩展SRAM？"></a><font size=3>一、为什么要扩展SRAM？</font></h1><p>STM32控制器芯片内部有一定大小的SRAM及FLASH作为内存和程序存储空间，程序下载的时候是存放在内部的FLASH中的，在程序运行过程中，会有一些变量或者其他的东西存放在SRAM中运行，这就跟我们PC电脑上的内存一样。当程序较大，内存和程序空间不足时，就需要在STM32芯片的外部扩展存储器了。STM32F103ZE系列芯片可以扩展外部SRAM用作内存。</p>
<p>给STM32芯片扩展内存与给PC扩展内存的原理是一样的，只是PC上一般以内存条的形式扩展，而且内存条实质是由多个内存颗粒(即SDRAM芯片)组成的通用标准模块，而STM32扩展时，直接直接与SRAM芯片连接。</p>
<h1 id="一、XM8A51216"><a href="#一、XM8A51216" class="headerlink" title="一、XM8A51216"></a><font size=3>一、XM8A51216</font></h1><h2 id="1-简介"><a href="#1-简介" class="headerlink" title="1. 简介"></a><font size=3>1. 简介</font></h2><p>XM8A51216 是深圳星忆存储科技有限公司（<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.xingmem.com/index.php">星忆存储</a> ）生产的一颗 16 位宽 512K（512*16，即 1M 字节）容量的 CMOS 静态内存芯片。我们可以在这里找到它的芯片手册：。该芯片具有如下几个特点 ：</p>
<p>（1）高速。 具有最高访问速度 10&#x2F;12ns。</p>
<p>（2）低功耗。</p>
<p>（3）TTL 电平兼容。</p>
<p>（4）全静态操作。不需要刷新和时钟电路。</p>
<p>（5）三态输出。</p>
<p>（6）字节控制功能。支持高&#x2F;低字节控制。  </p>
<h2 id="2-功能框图"><a href="#2-功能框图" class="headerlink" title="2. 功能框图"></a><font size=3>2. 功能框图</font></h2><p>功能框图我们可以看 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.xingmem.com/download/datasheet/XM8A51216V33(8M).pdf">XM8A51216V33(8M).pdf (xingmem.com)</a> 的 Logic Block Diagram：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-24-FSMC-01-%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8SRAM%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20230503171345049.png" alt="image-20230503171345049" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>图中 A0<del>18 为地址线，总共 19 根地址线（即 2^19&#x3D;512K， 1K&#x3D;1024）； DQ0</del>15 为数据线，总共 16 根数据线。 CEn 是芯片使能信号，低电平有效； OEn 是输出使能信号，低电平有效；WEn 是写使能信号，低电平有效； BLEn 和 BHEn 分别是高字节控制和低字节控制信号；</p>
<h2 id="3-与STM32接线"><a href="#3-与STM32接线" class="headerlink" title="3. 与STM32接线"></a><font size=3>3. 与STM32接线</font></h2><p>战舰 STM32F103 使用的是 TSOP44 封装的 XM8A51216 芯片，该芯片直接接在 STM32F1的 FSMC 上，   </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-24-FSMC-01-%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8SRAM%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20230503171601115.png" alt="image-20230503171601115" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>从原理图可以看出， XM8A51216 同 STM32F1 的连接关系：  </p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">A[<span class="number">0</span>:<span class="number">18</span>]---&gt;FMSC_A[<span class="number">0</span>:<span class="number">18</span>](不过顺序错乱了)</span><br><span class="line">D[<span class="number">0</span>:<span class="number">15</span>]---&gt;FSMC_D[<span class="number">0</span>:<span class="number">15</span>]</span><br><span class="line">BHEn   ---&gt;FSMC_NBL1</span><br><span class="line">BLEn   ---&gt;FSMC_NBL0</span><br><span class="line">OEn    ---&gt;FSMC_OE</span><br><span class="line">WEn    ---&gt;FSMC_WE</span><br><span class="line">CEn    ---&gt;FSMC_NE3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>XM8A51216 的 A[0:18]并不是按顺序连接 STM32F1 的 FMSC_A[0:18]，不过这并不影响我们正常使用外部 SRAM，因为地址具有唯一性。所以，只要地址线不和数据线混淆，就可以正常使用外部 SRAM。这样设计的好处，就是可以方便 PCB 布线。  什么事FSMC？我们后边再说。</p>
<h1 id="二、IS62WV51216"><a href="#二、IS62WV51216" class="headerlink" title="二、IS62WV51216"></a><font size=3>二、IS62WV51216</font></h1><p>为什么还有这个？因为教程中是XM8A51216，但是实际我使用的板子的芯片是 IS62WV51216。</p>
<h2 id="1-简介-1"><a href="#1-简介-1" class="headerlink" title="1. 简介"></a><font size=3>1. 简介</font></h2><p> IS62WV51216是ISSI（<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.issi.com/CN/index.shtml">Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc</a>）公司生产的一颗16位宽512K（512*16，即1M字节）容量的CMOS静态内存（SRAM）芯片。开发板上使用的完整的型号是 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.issi.com/WW/pdf/62WV51216ALL.pdf">IS62WV51216BLL</a>，它有以下特点：</p>
<p>（1）高速。具有45ns&#x2F;55ns访问速度。</p>
<p>（2）低功耗。操作时：36mW;待机时：12uW。</p>
<p>（3）兼容TTL电平。</p>
<p>（4）全静态操作。不需要刷新和时钟电路。 </p>
<p>（5）三态输出。</p>
<p>（6）字节控制功能。支持高&#x2F;低字节控制。</p>
<h2 id="2-引脚说明"><a href="#2-引脚说明" class="headerlink" title="2. 引脚说明"></a><font size=3>2. 引脚说明</font></h2><img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-24-FSMC-01-%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8SRAM%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20230514155945480.png" alt="image-20230514155945480" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>各个引脚的说明如下图表（表中的#就表示图中的字母上方的横线，表示低电平有效）：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th><strong>信号线</strong></th>
<th><strong>类型</strong></th>
<th><strong>说明</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>A0-A18</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>地址输入</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>I&#x2F;O0-I&#x2F;O7</td>
<td>I&#x2F;O</td>
<td>数据输入输出信号，低字节</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>I&#x2F;O8-I&#x2F;O15</td>
<td>I&#x2F;O</td>
<td>数据输入输出信号，高字节</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CS2 和CS1#</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>片选信号，CS2高电平有效，CS1#低电平有效，部分芯片只有其中一个引脚</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OE#</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>输出使能信号，低电平有效</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>WE#</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>写入使能信号，低电平有效</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>UB#</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>数据掩码信号Upper  Byte，高位字节允许访问，低电平有效，</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LB#</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>数据掩码信号Lower  Byte，低位字节允许访问，低电平有效</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>SRAM的控制比较简单，只要控制信号线使能了访问，从地址线输入要访问的地址，即可从I&#x2F;O数据线写入或读出数据。</p>
<h2 id="3-功能框图"><a href="#3-功能框图" class="headerlink" title="3. 功能框图"></a><font size=3>3. 功能框图</font></h2><p>功能框图我们可以看<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.issi.com/WW/pdf/62WV51216ALL.pdf">IS62WV51216BLL-datasheet</a>的 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM部分：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-24-FSMC-01-%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8SRAM%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20230514160336545.png" alt="image-20230514160336545" style="zoom:50%;" />

<h3 id="3-1-①存储器矩阵"><a href="#3-1-①存储器矩阵" class="headerlink" title="3.1 ①存储器矩阵"></a><font size=3>3.1 ①存储器矩阵</font></h3><p>SRAM的存储矩阵如下图所示：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-24-FSMC-01-%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8SRAM%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20230514160607461.png" alt="image-20230514160607461" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>SRAM内部包含的存储阵列，可以把它理解成一张表格，数据就填在这张表格上。和表格查找一样，指定一个行地址和列地址，就可以精确地找到目标单元格，这是SRAM芯片寻址的基本原理。这样的每个单元格被称为存储单元，而这样的表则被称为<strong>存储矩阵</strong>。</p>
<h3 id="3-2-②地址译码器、列I-O和I-O数据电路"><a href="#3-2-②地址译码器、列I-O和I-O数据电路" class="headerlink" title="3.2 ②地址译码器、列I&#x2F;O和I&#x2F;O数据电路"></a><font size=3>3.2 ②地址译码器、列I&#x2F;O和I&#x2F;O数据电路</font></h3><img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-24-FSMC-01-%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8SRAM%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20230514160336545.png" alt="image-20230514160336545" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>地址译码器把N根地址线转换成2N根信号线，每根信号线对应一行或一列存储单元，通过地址线找到具体的存储单元，实现寻址。如果存储阵列比较大，地址线会分成行和列地址，或者行、列分时复用同一地址总线，访问数据寻址时先用地址线传输行地址再传输列地址。  </p>
<p>我们使用的这个的SRAM比较小，没有列地址线，它的数据宽度为16位，即一个行地址对应2字节空间，框图中左侧的A0-A18是行址信号（共19根），当有18根地址线一共可以表示$2^{18}&#x3D;2^8*1024&#x3D;512K$行存储单元，所以18根地址线一共能访问512Kx16bits大小的空间，一共就是512K*2B&#x3D;1024KB&#x3D;1MB，刚好就是1M字节的大小，所以其实实际上我们使用18根地址线就足够了。访问时，使用UB#或LB#线控制数据宽度。</p>
<p>我们每次给一个18位的地址，这会对应一个16位的数据空间，比如我们给了一个0地址，这个时候我们可以访问16位的数据：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">地址</th>
<th align="center">0~7位</th>
<th align="center">8~15位</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">xxxx xxxx</td>
<td align="center">xxxx xxxx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">1</td>
<td align="center">xxxx xxxx</td>
<td align="center">xxxx xxxx</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>可以访问到第0字节和第1字节的数据，那么怎么确定访问的是第0字节还是第1字节呢？我们这个时候将这两个字节的0<del>7位看做低8位，对应I&#x2F;O0</del>I&#x2F;O7，8<del>15位看做高8位，对应I&#x2F;O8</del>I&#x2F;O15，然后通过UB#或LB#线来控制是要访问高位还是低位，UB#控制的是高字节的访问，LB#控制低字节的访问：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>LB#</th>
<th>UB#</th>
<th>有效的数据线</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>低电平</td>
<td>高电平</td>
<td>I&#x2F;O0~I&#x2F;O7，此时可访问低8位</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>高电平</td>
<td>低电平</td>
<td>I&#x2F;O8~I&#x2F;O15，此时可访问低8位</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>低电平</td>
<td>低电平</td>
<td>I&#x2F;O0<del>I&#x2F;O7和I&#x2F;O8</del>I&#x2F;O15均有效，可以访问16位数据</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>高电平</td>
<td>高电平</td>
<td>均无效，无法访问数据</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="3-3-③控制电路"><a href="#3-3-③控制电路" class="headerlink" title="3.3 ③控制电路"></a><font size=3>3.3 ③控制电路</font></h3><img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-24-FSMC-01-%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8SRAM%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20230514162342000.png" alt="image-20230514162342000" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>控制电路主要包含了片选、读写使能以及上面提到的宽度控制信号UB#和LB#。利用CS2或CS1#片选信号，可以把多个SRAM芯片组成一个大容量的内存条。OE#和WE#可以控制读写使能，防止误操作。</p>
<p>访问时，使用 UB# 或 LB# 线控制数据宽度，例如，当要访问宽度为 16 位的数据时，使用行地址线指出地址，然后把 UB# 和 LB# 线都设置为低电平，那么 I&#x2F;O0-I&#x2F;O15 线都有效，它们一起输出该地址的 16 位数据 (或者接收 16 位数据到该地址)；当要访问宽度为 8 位的数据时，使用行地址线指出地址，然后把UB# 或 LB# 其中一个设置为低电平，I&#x2F;O 会对应输出该地址的高 8 位和低 8 位数据，因此它们被称为数据掩码信号。  </p>
<h2 id="3-读写时序"><a href="#3-读写时序" class="headerlink" title="3. 读写时序"></a><font size=3>3. 读写时序</font></h2><p>注意，下边的时序图都是没有时钟线的，这也说明SRAM是通过异步通信的方式进行读写的。</p>
<h3 id="3-1-读时序"><a href="#3-1-读时序" class="headerlink" title="3.1 读时序"></a><font size=3>3.1 读时序</font></h3><img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-24-FSMC-01-%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8SRAM%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20230514163912339.png" alt="image-20230514163912339" style="zoom: 50%;" />

<p>上图为IS62WV51216芯片的8080并口读时序，我们重点要关注的是：读周期时间（tRC）、地址建立时间（tAA）和OE建立时间（tDOE）。开发板使用55ns的IS62WV51216，tRC&#x3D;55ns，tAA&#x3D;55ns（Max），tDOE&#x3D;25ns（Max）：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-24-FSMC-01-%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8SRAM%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20230514163937864.png" alt="image-20230514163937864" style="zoom: 50%;" />

<p>读时序过程：</p>
<p>（1）主机使用地址信号线发出要访问的存储器目标地址；</p>
<p>（2）控制片选信号CS1#及CS2#使能存储器芯片；</p>
<p>（3）控制读使能信号OE#表示要读数据；</p>
<p>（4）使用掩码信号LB#与UB#指示要访问目标地址的高、低字节部分；</p>
<p>（5）存储器会通过数据线向主机输出目标数据。</p>
<h3 id="3-2-写时序"><a href="#3-2-写时序" class="headerlink" title="3.2 写时序"></a><font size=3>3.2 写时序</font></h3><img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-24-FSMC-01-%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8SRAM%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20230514164004262.png" alt="image-20230514164004262" style="zoom: 50%;" />

<p>上图为IS62WV51216芯片的8080并口写时序，我们重点要关注的是：读周期时间(tWC)、地址建立时间(tSA)和OE建立时间(tPWE)。开发板使用55ns的IS62WV51216，tWC&#x3D;55ns，tSA&#x3D;0ns，tPWE&#x3D;45ns（min）：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-24-FSMC-01-%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8SRAM%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20230514164018470.png" alt="image-20230514164018470" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>写时序过程：</p>
<p>（1）主机使用地址信号线发出要访问的存储器目标地址；</p>
<p>（2）控制片选信号CS1#及CS2#使能存储器芯片；</p>
<p>（3）控制写使能信号WE#表示要写数据；</p>
<p>（4）使用掩码信号LB#与UB#指示要访问目标地址的高、低字节部分；</p>
<p>（5）使用数据线向存储器传输目标数据。</p>
<h3 id="3-3-关键时间参数总结"><a href="#3-3-关键时间参数总结" class="headerlink" title="3.3 关键时间参数总结"></a><font size=3>3.3 关键时间参数总结</font></h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center"><strong>时间参数</strong></th>
<th align="center"><strong>IS62WV51216BLL-55ns<br>型号要求的最短时间</strong></th>
<th><strong>说明</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">tRC</td>
<td align="center">55ns</td>
<td>读操作周期</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">tAA</td>
<td align="center">0ns</td>
<td>地址访问时间</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">tWC</td>
<td align="center">55ns</td>
<td>写操作周期</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">tSA</td>
<td align="center">0ns</td>
<td>地址建立时间</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">tSD</td>
<td align="center">25ns</td>
<td>数据建立至写结束的时间</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">tHD</td>
<td align="center">0ns</td>
<td>数据写结束后的保持时间</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="4-与STM32接线"><a href="#4-与STM32接线" class="headerlink" title="4. 与STM32接线"></a><font size=3>4. 与STM32接线</font></h2><img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-24-FSMC-01-%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8SRAM%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/img/image-20230503175021794.png" alt="image-20230503175021794" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>理论上IS62WV51216与STM32的FSMC接线应该是这样的：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">A[<span class="number">0</span>:<span class="number">18</span>]---&gt;FMSC_A[<span class="number">0</span>:<span class="number">18</span>]</span><br><span class="line">D[<span class="number">0</span>:<span class="number">15</span>]---&gt;FSMC_D[<span class="number">0</span>:<span class="number">15</span>]</span><br><span class="line">UB     ---&gt;FSMC_NBL1</span><br><span class="line">LB     ---&gt;FSMC_NBL0</span><br><span class="line">OE     ---&gt;FSMC_OE</span><br><span class="line">WE     ---&gt;FSMC_WE</span><br><span class="line">CS     ---&gt;FSMC_NE3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>实际上IS62WV51216 的 A[0:18]并不是按顺序连接 STM32F1 的 FMSC_A[0:18]，不过这并不影响我们正常使用外部 SRAM，因为地址具有唯一性。所以，只要地址线不和数据线混淆，就可以正常使用外部 SRAM。这样设计的好处，就是可以方便 PCB 布线。  </p>
<h1 id="三、怎么驱动？"><a href="#三、怎么驱动？" class="headerlink" title="三、怎么驱动？"></a><font size=3>三、怎么驱动？</font></h1><p>上边了解了那么多，那怎么使用SRAM呢？当然是通过STM32的FSMC来驱动啦，FSMC是啥？我们在下一篇笔记中学习。</p>

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    <p><span>文章标题:</span><a href="/post/956dba12.html">LV16-24-FSMC-01-外部SRAM基础</a></p>
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